Feedback Loops
A process where the output of a system feeds back into it as input, either amplifying the effect (positive feedback) or dampening it (negative feedback).
The Idea
Systems don’t just react — they react to their own reactions. Small changes can compound into large effects, or be naturally stabilized.
Types
- Positive feedback (amplifying): Success → confidence → more success. Microphone → speaker → louder screech. Compound interest.
- Negative feedback (stabilizing): Thermostat turning off heat when temperature rises. Predator-prey population cycles. Your body regulating temperature.
Examples
- Economics: Rising prices → workers demand higher wages → costs rise → prices rise further (wage-price spiral)
- Social media: Engaging content → more views → algorithm promotes it more → even more views
- Climate: Ice melts → less sunlight reflected → more warming → more ice melts (albedo effect)
How to Apply
- Identify what signals the system is feeding back on itself
- Determine whether the loop is positive or negative
- Ask “Is this sustainable?” — positive feedback loops tend to hit limits